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책소개

우주의 모든 생물은 결국 늙고 죽는다.



『늙는다는 건 우주의 일』 은 생물학자이자 베스트셀러 작가인 조너선 실버타운이 수명과 노화, 죽음에 대해 위트 있게 해설한 교양과학에세이다. 지난 두 세기 동안 인간 수명은 극적으로 늘었는데, 왜 노화와 죽음은 멈추지 않는지, 진화가 후세를 남기는 개체를 선호한다면 왜 우리는 늙지 않는, 더 나아가 죽지 않는 존재로 진화하지 않는 것인지 등  이 만만치 않은 물음을 죽음, 수명, 유전, 진화, 식물 등의 영역으로 나누어 날렵하게 풀어낸다. 



딱딱하게 느껴지기 쉬운 과학 지식에 문학과 신화, 유머를 버무려 놓았다. 노화와 죽음을 대하는 인간의 비통한  심정을 25편의 시를 통해 보여주며, 자칫 무거워질 수 있는 주제를 유머로 승화시킨다. 사실 이 책의 강점은 여기에 있다. 세련된 문체로 정리한 생물학적 지식보다, 이야기를 이끌어가는 저자의 유쾌하면서도 여유로운 태도가 더 본질적인 메시지이다. 길가의 가로수도, 내 곁의 반려견도 나와 같이 늙고 죽는다. 별 일 아니다. 늙는다는 건 우주의 일인 것이다. 



더불어 책 전반을 아우르는 우아한 문장들은 필력의 번역가 노승영의 언어로 재탄생했다. ‘과학 전문 번역가’로 불리며 《시사인》이 뽑은 ‘2014년 올해의 번역가’로 선정되기도 한 역자는 빼어난 문장력으로 원서의 숨결을 탁월하게 살려 냈다.

저자소개

저자 : 조너선 실버타운

저자 조너선 실버타운Jonathan Silvertown은 생물학자이자 작가. 주로 진화생물학, 사회생물학 분야를 연구해왔으며, 현재 영국 에든버러 대학교 교수로 일하고 있다. 저서로 《씨앗의 자연사》(An Orchard Invisible: A Natural History of Seeds, 2010, 양문)를 비롯하여 《Demons in Eden: The Paradox of Plant Diversity》(에덴의 악마: 식물의 다양성에 관한 패러독스, 2008, University Of Chicago Press), 《99% Ape: How Evolution Adds Up》(99퍼센트 유인원: 진화의 비밀, 2008, Natural History Museum) 등이 있다.



역자 : 노승영

역자 노승영은 서울대학교 영어영문학과를 졸업하고 같은 대학교 대학원 인지과학 협동과정을 수료했다. 컴퓨터 회사에서 번역 프로그램을 만들었고, 환경단체에서 일하기도 했다. ‘내가 깨끗해질수록 세상이 더러워진다’고 생각한다. 《시사인》이 뽑은 ‘2014년 올해의 번역가’로 선정되었다. 옮긴 책으로 《테러리스트의 아들》, 《왜 인간의 조상이 침팬지인가》, 《여자로 태어나길 잘했어!》, 《직관펌프, 생각을 열다》, 《새의 감각》, 《수사학》, 《숲에서 우주를 보다》, 《이렇게 살아가도 괜찮은가》 등 다수가 있다.

목차

추천의 글 · 6



1. 목적지 : 죽음과 불멸 ········································································ 15

누구나 죽음에 대해 생각한다. 죽음을 잊는 것은 젊음의 특권이나, 잊힘을 사유하는 것은 노년의 숙명이다. 각자 나름의 방식으로 해답을 찾되, 물음은 결국 하나다. 나는 얼마나 오래 살 수 있을까? 왜 죽어야 할까? 노화와 죽음에는 어떤 규칙과 이유가 있을까?



2. 수명 : 흐르는 모래시계 ······································································31

장수의 수수께끼에 대한 해답은 아주아주 오랫동안 수수께끼 자체가 없었다는 것이다. 지구 역사의 대부분 기간 동안 거의 모든 생물은 단세포였으며, 짧게 살고 빠르게 번식할 수 있었을 것이다. 미생물 단원들의 원시시대 벼룩 서커스에서 마침내 다세포 생명이 진화하자, 더 크고 더 오래 사는 생물이 가능해졌다.



3. 노화 : 여러 여름의 뒤········································································55

시인 앨프리드 로드 테니슨은 늙은 티토노스가 연인에게 탄식하는 장면을 그렸다. 티토노스는 불멸이라는 저주스러운 선물에서 벗어나 ‘죽음의 능력을 가진 행복한 사람’이 되게 해달라고 간청한다. 따라서 오래 살고 싶다면 여러분이 바라야 할 것은 단순한 수명 연장이 아니라 건강한 삶의 연장이다. 서두르는 게 좋을 것이다.



4. 유전 : 영원한 것 ·············································································77

유전자는 건강한 노년에 도달하는 데 어떤 역할을 할까? 이 물음에 답하기 위해, 오래 산 사람의 수명, 건강, DNA를 비교하는 연구가 많이 이뤄졌다. 생쥐, 선형동물(노화 연구자들이 좋아하는 연구 대상), 인간에게 적용될 수 있는 근사치에 따르면 유전자는 개체가 얼마나 오래 사는지에 대해 25∼35퍼센트 관여한다.



5. 식물 : 파릇파릇한 시기·······································································99

자이언트세쿼이아는 필멸과 접촉하여 생긴 전투의 상처를 간직하고 있다. 셔먼 장군과 주위의 노병들은 모두 삼각형의 커다란 상흔이 있다. 껍질이 불에 뜯겨 나간 자리다. 이 상흔들은 불 심판의 흔적일 뿐 아니라 이를 이겨낸 흔적이기도 하다. 자이언트세쿼이아의 껍질은 질기고 불에 잘 안 탄다.



6. 자연선택 : 이상적 해결책···································································123

왜 자연선택은 노화를 없애고 수명을 무한히 늘리지 않을까? 진화의 원동력인 자연선택은 후손을 가장 많이 남기는 개체를 선호한다. 그렇다면 생식능력을 손상하고 몸을 퇴화시키는 노화가 어떻게 진화할 수 있을까? 자연선택은 왜 노화를 허용할까? 왜 모든 종의 개체를 불멸의 존재로 만들어 문제를 해결하지 않을까?



7. 자살 : 세멜레의 희생········································································143

신화 속 세멜레는 삶을 지배하는 철칙을 보여주는 궁극적 예다. 바로, 생식을 위해서는 대가를 치러야 한다는 철칙 말이다. 아이 하나 낳자고 세멜레만큼 가혹한 대가를 치르는 경우는 드물지만, 자연에서는 생식이 죽음의 전조인 경우가 얼마든지 있다. 생물학자들은 이 패턴을 세멜레에 빗대어 ‘단회번식semelparity’이라고 부른다.



8. 속도 : 빨리 살면 일찍 죽는다······························································163

빨리 살면 일찍 죽는다?마찬가지 원리로, 느리게 살면 늦게 죽는다?라는 법칙은 모든 생물에게 적용되는 듯하다. 삶의 속도는 대사 속도와는 거의 또는 전혀 무관하며 세대가 지나가는 속도와 직접적 관계가 있다. 이 속도를 조절하는 것은 성체의 삶이 얼마나 위험한가다. 인간은 삶의 속도가 매우 느리다. 심지어 친척 영장류의 느림보 기준에 비추어도 느리다. 진화는 왜 우리를 이토록 느리게 만들었을까?



9. 메커니즘 : 영원한 청춘?····································································189

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